OXT and depressive symptom measurement: Trauma (Pierrehumbert et al., 2010) and PTSD (Marazziti and Cassano, 2003), as well as depression in women (Cyranowski et al., 2008), are associated with high pulsatile OXT levels, and very low OXT levels are associated with schizophrenia and ASD (Goldman et al., 2008; Kéri et al., 2009; Yamasue et al., 2009; Higashida et al., 2012b; Modi and Young, 2012).