For example, a preliminary study had shown that the majority of these vimentin–immunopositive cells were appeared to emanate short cytoplasmic processes in discs from patients with low back pain or scoliosis compared to discs from normal.29 Normal versus osteoarthritic cartilages shown a reduction in the percentage of labeled chondrocytes of 37.1% for vimentin.30 Disruption of vimentin reduced stiffness approximately 2.8-fold in normal chondrocytes. Here, VIM is linked to scoliosis.