LCN2 and acute kidney injury: When comparing post-operative biomarker levels in patients with AKI to those without AKI, statistically significant differences were seen in urine IL-18 (pg/mL) (883.09 vs. 0, p = 0.0449), urine NGAL (ng/mL) (386.86 vs. 24.31, p = 0.0039), urine IL-8 (pg/mL) (14.3 vs. 0, p=0.0224) and serum IL-8 (pg/mL) (242.48 vs. 82.37, p = 0.0463).