In a de novo carcinogenesis model in which the carcinogens 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were applied to the skin of mice, TNF−/− mice were significantly more resistant to tumour induction than wild-type animals [27]. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.