Case-control genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of late AMD have provided evidence for individual, large-effect risk variants in the CFH, ARMS2, C2/CFB and C3 genes (estimated per allele odds ratios ranging from 1.7–4.5), and for additional, smaller-effect variants in CFI, FRK/COL10A1, TNFRSF10A, LIPC, CETP, TIMP3, REST and VEGFA (odds ratios ranging from 1.15–1.4) [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]. Here, TIMP3 is linked to age-related macular degeneration.