While the pathophysiological relevance of these findings are not obvious yet, over-expression of genes encoding keratin 19 and fibronectin has been associated with accelerated renal cystogenesis in a mouse PKD model [30] and upregulation of keratin 19 and 2 was associated with ADPKD in a gene profiling study [31]. This evidence concerns the gene FN1 and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.