In mice (aged 70 to 84 days) with Parkinson's disease and the associated mitochondrial loss of function (mimicked via injections with a mitochondrial complex-1 inhibitor) ßGPA (1%) increased neuronal mitochondrial density by 16.1% (p<0.05) and mitochondrial number per cell by 33.3% (p<0.05), with unchanged mitochondrial volume compared to a 29.1% reduction in controls [60]. The gene discussed is GYPA; the disease is Parkinson disease.