A cohort study with nested case–control analysis from the UK General Practice Research Database (n=5103) also reported significantly elevated risks of coronary heart disease (OR=4.35), acute myocardial infarction (OR=3.57), heart failure (OR=3.19) and hospitalisation for heart failure (OR=3.39) in men undergoing combination therapy (LHrH agonists and anti-androgens) compared with men not on this treatment (Martin-Merino et al, 2011). Here, GNRH1 is linked to heart failure.