The critical role for leptin in obesity-linked hypertension has also been demonstrated by Rahmouni et al. In this study, conducted in 3 murine models resembling human Bardet-Biedle syndrome, leptin was able to induce upregulation of renal sympathetic activity and increased blood pressure values in 2 models out of 3, while blood pressure returned to normal values following gangliar block [34]. Here, LEP is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.