TNF and fibrosis: While the median levels of IL-13 were higher in individuals without periportal fibrosis compared to those with moderate to severe fibrosis (113.3 pg/mL and 97.7 pg/mL, respectively; P = 0.0006), there was no significant difference in the median levels of IL-5, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β between groups (P > 0.05; Figure 1).