Exceptions were p15 and RAI3 that were not up-regulated in cells from all MDS patients; Gravin and STAT5A that were down-regulated in cells from all MDS patients; and Cyclin D2, CDK4, and CDK6 which were down-regulated in most MDS patients cells as compared to AML PB-CD33 cells. This evidence concerns the gene STAT5A and acute myeloid leukemia.