TNF and Hepatic failure: Our previous work revealed that during liver failure, the inflammatory state of rats treated with BMSC-CM was reduced compared to vehicle controls [24]: the vehicle-treated rats developed high systemic levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ra, and low levels of IL-10, while BMSC-CM treated rats developed high levels of IL-10 and lower levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ra.