A study by Mohan et al. demonstrated increased insulin levels in South Asians as compared to Europeans, both with and without diabetes.31 A later study from Europe found South Asians with T2DM to be significantly more insulin resistant then their European counterparts, despite their younger age,32 while studies from the United States have noted a significantly lower insulin sensitivity in South Asians as compared to Caucasians, regardless of the level of total body fat.33 This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.