ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Adiponectin is a protein associated with glucose modulation,52 and studies have noted lower levels of circulating plasma adiponectin in South Asians, compared with Caucasians.52 This difference could be, in part, attributed to polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene, as a study comparing 2,000 normal glucose tolerant patients to 2,000 patients with T2DM reported that a polymorphism of the adiponectin gene is associated with T2DM and obesity in South Asians.53 However, this association has yet to be tested in other populations, and thus the functional significance remains unknown.