TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The release of the results from a recently completed National Institutes of Health-funded large clinical trial will provide more information regarding the therapeutic implication of salsalate in improving obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.174 Anakinra, a recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist, has also been shown to effectively reduce inflammatory markers and improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients after 13 weeks of treatment.175 In contrast, antagonizing TNF-α fails to improve glycemic control in obese diabetic patients.176,177