CIDEC and familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan type: Five FPL genes have been identified: LMNA (Dunnigan syndrome), PPARγ, AKT2, PLIN1, and CIDEC.138–141 LMNA encodes lamins A and C, proteins localized in the nuclear envelope, and dysfunction of lamins may cause adipocytes to die prematurely.138,142 PPARγ is a master transcription factor for adipocyte differentiation, and AKT2 is an important component of insulin signaling; the absence of either PPARγ or AKT2 impairs adipocyte development.