Recent findings suggest that the immunogenic reaction in tuberculous pleurisy involves lymphocytes (including CD3, CD4, CCR4, and Th17 cells), neutrophils, mesothelial cells, and various cytokines such as interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-12, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [17,18]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and pleural tuberculosis.