In breast cancer cells, ectopic expression of Raf could increase the protein levels of Bcl-2, which is likely to be due to the enhanced phosphorylation of downstream transcription factors that bind to the promoter region of Bcl-2 upon activation of the pathway (Weinstein-Oppenheimer et al., 2001; Davis et al., 2003). The gene discussed is BCL2; the disease is breast cancer.