In a rat model of myocarditis, IL-10 was also protective when a plasmid vector expressing the IL-10 cDNA was transferred into the tibialis anterior muscle via electroporation.34,35 Recently, we demonstrated the potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-9–mediated cardiac expression of IL-10 for the prevention of autoimmune myocarditis.36 These treated mice showed not only increased IL-10 expression in the myocardium but also high serum IL-10 levels. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is myocarditis.