GDF15 and cranioectodermal dysplasia: These data are in accordance with our in vivo findings showing a reduction in TUNEL‐ or APG5L/ATG‐positive cells in atherosclerotic lesions of double knockout mice confirming the assumption that GDF‐15 may be important in MФ death in atherosclerotic lesions as has been postulated by others.36,38 Indeed, inhibition of autophagy, evaluated by APG5L/ATG, seems to parallel the (partly significant) inhibition of plaque development (as indicated by lumen stenosis) after 12 or 20 weeks of CED.