We measured circulating levels (n=136) and aortic valve tissue expression (n=16) of the secreted Wnt modulators secreted frizzled related protein-3, dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), and Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1) by enzyme immunoassay, immunostaining, and RT-PCR in patients with symptomatic, severe AS and investigated associations with echocardiographic parameters of AS and cardiac function. The gene discussed is WIF1; the disease is aortic stenosis.