NOX4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: It has also been shown that Nox4-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for the terminal differentiation of rat bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes.12 We therefore hypothesized that type 2 diabetes-induced Nox4 expression restricts db/db multipotency of MSCs in a manner that promotes their terminal differentiation into adipocytes rather than endothelial cells and thereby reduces their capacity to augment postischemic neovascularization.