LGALS3 and Myocardial fibrosis: Animal studies suggest that GAL-3 is involved in the fibrotic process, and limited clinical data support the notion that plasma GAL-3 is reflective of myocardial fibrosis.27 Because HFpEF is associated with interstitial fibrosis28 and increased plasma levels of biomarkers of matrix turnover,29,30 it seemed likely that GAL-3 would be more elevated in patients with HFpEF than in those with HFrEF.