Peptidoglycan-induced activation of NOD1 in adipocytes or hepatocytes (Schertzer et al., 2011; Zhao et al., 2011) and NOD2 in muscle cells (Tamrakar et al., 2010) trigger insulin resistance through the production of inflammatory mediators and the activation of MAP kinases signaling leading to desensitization of IRS1 function. Here, NOD1 is linked to Insulin resistance.