VCAM1 and endothelial dysfunction: Hyperglycemia could up-regulate the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, such as endothelial selectin (E-selectin), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)[3-5], thus augmenting pathological leukocytes-endothelial adhesion[3] and leading to endothelial dysfunction and injury.