Complementary findings of upregulated ephrin-A1 and ephrin-A3 ligands and EphA2 receptors in WT brains after stroke, and in primary cortical neurons exposed to GD, probably suggest that activation of EphA2 receptors is important for ephrin-A1/A3 signaling following cerebral ischemia. This evidence concerns the gene EFNA3 and brain ischemia.