In this regard, Salmonella infection, though not occasioning granuloma formation, represents a paradigm for antibody-independent roles of B-cells against an intracellular bacterium with the evidence that B-cells producing IL-10 (Bregs) impairs the control of natural and vaccine-induced immunity to Salmonella (Neves et al., 2010). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is Salmonella Infections.