DNAAF4 and dyslexia: In an association study of Finnish individuals with and without dyslexia, the minor alleles of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DYX1C1 were suggested to be of functional significance: −3G > A (rs3743205), because it creates an ELK-1 transcription binding site very near the translation initiation site, and 1249G > T, because it truncates the protein by four amino acids (Taipale et al., 2003a).