Given that AMPKmodulates the activity of crucial regulators of autophagy such as mTOR, increased expression of AMPKaccompanied by the downregulation of key negative regulators of mTOR (i.e., AKT1)may aid trastuzumab-refractory breast cancer cells in mounting a protective autophagic response froma molecular perspective. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is breast cancer.