ERBB2 and neoplasm: Previous studies have linked autophagy to both tumor-suppressive (i.e.,autophagy defects that predispose individuals to tumor development) and tumor-promoting functions(i.e., autophagy activation promotes survival under stress, including cytotoxicchemotherapy) [30-35].Of note, HER2 signaling and responsiveness to trastuzumab appear to dynamically interact with boththe tumor-suppressive and tumorigenic roles of autophagy.