TSC22D1 and liver cancer: Furthermore, TSC22D1 was recently found to antagonize Ras/Raf signaling, thereby exerting anti-tumourigenic effects in a Ras/Raf-dependent liver cancer model (Nakamura et al, 2011), and TSC22D1 abrogated TGF-beta-induced growth rates in intestinal epithelial cells (Gupta et al, 2003).