CLU and breast cancer: Studying MCF-7 breast cancer cells, James et al. [38] and Simboki-Campbell et al. [39] reported that 1α,25(OH)2D3 induced apoptosis by downregulating Bcl-2 protein expression, increased TRPM-2 (clusterin) mRNA expression, and increased DNA fragmentation after 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment.