MAPK8 and cancer: Fucoidan exerts pleiotropic effects on cancer cells involving the induction of apoptosis through caspase-cascade activation, regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 signaling, Bcl-2 protein expression and Akt signaling, inhibition of angiogenesis by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor expression and inhibition of cell transformation induced by epidermal growth factor receptor [2,4,5,6,7,14,15].