CXCR4 and bone neoplasm: Moreover, the inhibition of SDF-1/CXCR-4 axis in metastatic PC3 cells using anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3011 has been observed to impair their homing at the hypoxic endosteal niche in BM and inhibit bone tumour formation [208, 211, 224].