LOX and breast carcinoma: LOX and LOXLs secreted from hypoxic breast cancer cells in turn can contribute to the formation of pre-metastatic niches at distant tissues such as lungs by inducing the remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) through cross-link collagens and elastins and promoting the recruitment of CD11b+ bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) [125, 257].