IGF1R and familial pancreatic carcinoma: On the other hand, it has also been shown that the activation of IGF-1/IGF-1R and SCF/KIT axes in pancreatic cancer cells may contribute to the induction of HIF-1α through the stimulation of PI3K/Akt and/or Ras/MEK/ERK pathways and tumour angiogenesis under normoxic conditions [25, 26].