The findings that disruption of Smad7 enhanced ANG II-induced renal injury by promoting TGF-β/Smad2/3-mediated renal fibrosis and NF-κB-driven renal inflammation added new information for a better understanding of the mechanism of Smad7 in negatively regulating ANG II-mediated kidney injury. Here, NFKB1 is linked to renal fibrosis.