CD86 and infection: In contrast to the report of partial DC maturation and suppressive phenotype during B. pertussis infection [53], [54], our study showed that at 5 days p.i. a comparable percentage of lung DCs derived from all infection models up-regulated MHC class II, CD86, and CD11b (Fig. 5C), implying that by 5 days p.i. DC maturation has occurred in all infections and that this process is likely not PTX sensitive.