NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: These issues are supported by the negative effects of overexpressed HEXIM1 on ET-1-induced mRNA expression of ANP, BNP, beta-MHC, and alpha skeletal muscle actin (Fig. 3), all of which are known to be a representative marker in hypertrophic myocardium and beta-MHC is also known to play a physiological role in cardiac hypertrophy [41], [47].