We also observed high levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 in the plasma on day 6-post infection (TNF: 106.1±22.1 pg/mL in uninfected, 855.9±262.6 pg/mL in PbA-infected animals; MCP-1, 342.2±100.2 pg/mL in uninfected, 1189±275.6 pg/mL in PbA-infected animals; p<0.05 by Mann-Withney test in each case). Here, TNF is linked to infection.