The honeybee innate immune system is comprised of cellular defenses from specialized blood cells (granulocytes and plasmatocytes) within the haemocoel [50], [51] as well as humoral immunity in the form of Toll, Imd (immune deficiency) and Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways for the production of antimicrobial peptides, melanization of invading pathogen cells, and apoptosis [37]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is Immunodeficiency.