In our study we observed a significant improvement in the inflammatory status (leptin, IL-6, TNF) and a decrease in other metabolic risk markers related to insulin resistance and diabetes such as visfatin, ghrelin, GIP and GLP-1 among subjects who increased their dietary intake of phylloquinone after 1-year follow-up, thus contributing to extend the knowledge on the role of vitamin K in humans and to support our previous results on dietary phylloquinone intake and T2DM incidence [7]. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and diabetes mellitus.