IL4 and Increased total eosinophil count: The protection observed in mice correlated with ES-62-induced desensitisation of mast cells, which have been implicated in airway remodelling (Carter and Bradding, 2011; Gilfillan and Beaven, 2011), and also with suppression of the Th2 phenotype of airway inflammation, the latter as evidenced by reduced eosinophilia and IL-4 levels in the lungs (Melendez et al., 2007).