When CD133+ABCG2+CXCR4+ MSC were cultured in transwells that did not allow cell to cell contact the highest levels of neural marker induction also occurred when MSC were cultured with human astroglial (SVGp12) cells, which induced high levels of expression of TH as did co-culture with rat astrocyte (DITNC 1) or the neuroblastoma line (SK-N-FI) (Figure 4C, bottom graph). This evidence concerns the gene CXCR4 and neuroblastoma.