Furthermore, the mutual regulation of TNF-R1 and 2-mediated signaling is orchestrated on proinflammatory cytokine production thereby signs of colitis, because TNF signaling via TNF-R1 dampens TNF-R2-mediated pathogenic responses, as shown by the fact that ablation of TNF-R1 dramatically aggravated TNF-R2-mediated colonic inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1A and colitis.