HRAS and neoplasm: Furthermore, several genes participating in these downstream pathways of integrin/FAK were also found with significantly higher expression in tumor tissues than in arachnoidal tissue, including AKT3 (6.38-fold), PIK3R1 (6.12-fold), PIK3R3 (9.57-fold), CTNNB1 (9.25-fold), VAV3 (6.78-fold), RAC3 (8.16-fold), PAK2 (5.35-fold), SHC1 (4.89-fold), SHC4 (125-fold), HRAS (4.24-fold), RAF1 (3.78-fold), MAP2K1 (3.14-fold), MAPK3 (6.45-fold), ELK1 (5.78-fold) (Figure 3B).