HIF1A and atrial fibrillation: It has been reported that mRNA or protein for HIF-1α, GLUT-1, MMP-2, CD24, CD44, CD56, CD151, glypican3, cytokeratin 8, 18 and 19, CDH2, SNAP25, BSAP1 and FOXF1 were highly expressed in NP as compared to AF [27], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35].