While carrying out an open phase II trial of immunization with the recombinant MAGE-A3 protein in 72 patients with stage III–IV metastatic melanoma, a predictive gene signature (GS) that was associated with a significant improvement in the median OS was identified: 16.2 months in the GS(−) versus 28 months in the GS(+) population [27]. The gene discussed is MAGEA3; the disease is metastatic melanoma.