VAPB and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Among them, a proline-to-serine substitution at position-56 (P56S) of vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB) in the highly conserved major sperm protein (MSP) domain causes some dominantly inherited forms of MND (ALS8), which show typical and atypical ALS symptoms or a mild late-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) [3,4].