NFKB1 and cancer: Other mechanisms underlying the anticarcinogenic effect of plant components were also proposed, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, the effect on NF-κB transcription factors [12], the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) [13], etc. Considering the antioxidant and many other biological activities of Cichorium endivia, we hypothesized that components of this plant may have anti-tumor activities against cancers such as CRC.