VEGFA and renal cell carcinoma: It was reported that IFN-γ acted as antiangiogenic cytokine by inhibiting the expression of angiogenic factors, such as VEGF or perlecan, in renal cell carcinoma [36], stromal fibroblasts [37], human cornea [38], and WiDr/HT29 colon carcinoma cells[39], or by inducing the expression of anti-angiogenic factor monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG, or CXCL9) in non-small cell lung carcinom [40].