Intriguingly, various human cancers frequently exhibit increased levels of NRF2 (Singh et al., 2006; Shibata et al., 2008a,b; Wang et al., 2008a; Kim et al., 2010; Solis et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2010; Taguchi et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and cancer.