MAP1LC3A and infection: This indicates that AIEC LF82 bacteria are subjected to canonical autophagy instead of the recently described LC3-associated phagocytosis [28]; ii) Pathogenic AIEC evaded killing by neutrophil-like PLB cells by disturbing autophagic flux at the autolysosomal degradation step; iii) Rather than controlling infection, neutrophils died by AIEC-induced autophagic cell death, iv) Stimulation of cytoprotective autophagy by nutrient starvation or rapamycin treatment effectively overcame the AIEC-imposed block in autophagy and thereby reverted the ability of neutrophils to kill AIEC.