One study used variables measured at the time of onset of grade 3–4 HE [28], 1 study [29] at the time of diagnosis (defined as the time when the patient fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of ALF, in Japan), 1 study [24] at days 1, 4, 8 and 15 following diagnosis, and 1 study [20] at the time of testing the serum sample for IgM anti-HBc. The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is hereditary elliptocytosis.