Mutations in the genes encoding the cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin and the mitochondrial phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) have been shown to cause a recessive form of parkinsonism ( Kitada et al., 1998; Valente et al., 2004). This evidence concerns the gene PINK1 and Parkinson disease.